Color Lines – W. Ralph Eubanks

Shared by Tahir Mahmood

This article is printed in one of recent issues of American Scholar

My family’s complex racial history, filled as it is with myths and truths, led me to DNA ancestry testing. I had begun writing a book on the life and times of my maternal grandparents, whose marriage around 1915 was an act of defiance in a part of the South governed by Jim Crow laws. In that book, The House at the End of the Road, my purpose had been to tell the little-known story of mixed-race families in the American South, like my mother’s, that prevailed in spite of Jim Crow and laws against interracial marriage. As the book took shape, a scientific study caught my eye.

In late 2005, scientists reported the discovery of a gene mutation that had led to the first appearance of white skin in humans. Other than this minor mutation—just one letter of DNA code out of 3.1 billion letters in the human genome—most people are 99.9 percent identical genetically. And yet, what divisions have arisen as a result of such a seemingly inconsequential genetic anomaly. Moreover, this mutation had separated members of my family along tightly demarcated racial lines for three generations. As this discovery became known, I was invited to join a class on race relations at Pennsylvania State University in which all the students participated in DNA ancestry testing as a way of discussing contemporary attitudes about race and cultural identity.

http://theamericanscholar.org/color-lines/?utm_source=email#.UT9AW4y9KSM

Different forms of mathematical thought

Posted by Noor Salik

Different forms of mathematical thought
One makes the distinction in mathematics between:
(i) Continuous thinking (for example real numbers and limits), and
(ii) Discrete thinking (for example natural numbers and number theory).
Experience shows that continuous problems are often easier to treat than discrete ones.
The great successes of the continuous way of thinking are based on the notion of limits
and the theories connected with this notion (calculus, differential equations, integral
equations and the calculus of variations) with diverse applications in physics and other
natural sciences.

In contrast, number theory is the prototype for the creation of effective mathematical
methods for treating discrete problems, arising in today’s world in computer science,
optimization of discrete systems and lattice models in theoretical physics for studying
elementary particles and strings.

The epochal discovery by Max Plank in 1900 that the energy of the harmonic oscillator
is not continuous but rather discrete (quantized), led to the important mathematical
problem of generating discrete structures from continuous ones by an appropriate,
non-trivial quantization process.

Oxford Users’ Guide to Mathematics

A question which requires statistics to answer?

A spinner is divided into 8 equal parts.
If you spin the spinner 100 times, how many times do you expect it to stop on 8?

To answer this question, up to 8th grade statistical understanding is required.
Ask your loved ones to give it a shot!

NOTE: It is expected that all steps required to get the answer are shown, not only the answer.

Ad Campaigns Fight It Out Over Meaning of ‘Jihad’

Shared by Dr. Nasik Elahi

Geller whips up xenophobia by projecting muslim stereotypes to further her anti-Islamic agenda. My Jihad has to counter the negative stereotypes by showing the diversity of US muslims and not just the stereotypes dressed in head scarves.
Sent by nasikelahi@yahoo.com:

Ad Campaigns Fight It Out Over Meaning of ‘Jihad’

By STEVEN YACCINO and POH SI TENG

Two advocacy groups in Chicago are running dueling ads over the meaning of jihad: one campaign is focused on a nonviolent interpretation of the word, the other on its association with terrorism.

Or, copy and paste this URL into your browser: http://nyti.ms/Zh9K5w