Indus Waters and Social Change

Indus Waters and Social Change
The Evolution and Transition of Agrarian Society in Pakistan
Saiyid Ali Naqvi
Readership / Level
Scholars and students of economic development especially in agriculture in Pakistan, South Asia, and in complex river basins in Asia.
Description
Saiyid Ali Naqvi has brought a wealth of knowledge in water resources development, acquired over a 58-year career, to this study of the impact of the harnessing of the Indus waters on the evolution and development of the fabric of society in the region. He follows the Indus in its journey from around 7000 bc to present times, as he develops his thesis that the processes of social change in the region that now constitutes Pakistan are inextricably linked to the harnessing of the Indus waters.

At its inception in 1947, Pakistan, with 85 per cent of its population dependent on agriculture, was an agrarian country. Today, with two-thirds of its population still living in villages, the country remains dependent on agriculture. Despite the use of machinery by big landowners, the agrarian social structure remains fettered by quasi-feudal and tribal customs. The book makes a critical assessment of the pace of the social change process in Pakistan and finds that it has reached a phase which could at best be characterized as ‘quasi-industrial’. This disappointing situation is due to the slow pace of industrialization of the agriculture sector.

The book provides the research, historical facts, and insights for an informed public debate on the policy measures for overcoming impediments and accelerating the social change process.

About the Author / Editor
Saiyid Ali Naqvi was born in 1931 in Amroha, UP. After obtaining a graduate degree in civil engineering from Aligarh Muslim University, he moved to Pakistan where he commenced his career with the Pakistan government’s Central Engineering Authority (CEA). Naqvi received field training in the United States and also attended Irrigation Science classes at the Davis Campus of the University of California. In 1956, he was appointed Deputy Pakistan Irrigation Commissioner in the office of the Pakistan Irrigation Commission at Lahore which oversaw the implementation of the interim agreements between India and Pakistan on sharing the waters of the Indus rivers. He was subsequently transferred to the Water Development Organization, established by the government, to provide back-up support to the Pakistan delegation at the Indus Basin Treaty negotiations in progress under the aegis of the World Bank. Following the signing of the treaty in 1960, Saiyid Ali Naqvi began a nearly nineteen-year period of his career devoted to large dams. He held senior executive positions under the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in relation to the Mangla Dam, Tarbela Dam, and Kalabagh Dam (at project planning stage).
Saiyid Ali Naqvi’s lengthy career in water resources development and management covered the large dams and irrigation projects in Pakistan and has additionally included major international projects. In 1980, he joined the Asian Development Bank (ADB) at Manila where he worked on a number of water resources and rural development projects in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, and Pakistan. He has been a Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
In addition to authoring numerous articles on water resources issues, Saiyid Ali Naqvi is devoted to Urdu and Persian poetry. Among other expressions of his poetic interests, he has written papers and articles on Ghalib and Iqbal. He is compiling a set of his own Urdu poetry for publication at a later date. A cousin of Sadequain, he has also shared the thoughts and passions of this great artist.

“My Eid Prayer” by Gia Chawla

This short,  thoughtful and courageous statement with some profound questions is written by a 17 years old girl. We grown ups are morally obligated to address the questions asked in this statement.

My Eid Prayer

I was so excited. It was Eid-Al- Adha today, the sun was shining, my beautiful family was together, I was going to see my friends, and pray. When I got to the mosque, I greeted any friends, then quickly went into the praying room for Salat. When the Imam commenced, I was suddenly in a trance. My eyes were closed, and my mind was somewhere else. I was mesmerized by his melodic, powerful voice. It was like he was singing a song to us; a song that when it ended, I was so disappointed and wanted it to start again.

I still had no idea how he looked like. What I was expecting was very different from what he actually looked like. When the Imam turned around, I saw a built young man, with a warm smile in a suit and tie. Now it was time for the Khutbah. Everyone was aware of how boring these usually are and was just eager to get up and leave. This was different. He spoke of stories and of things that young people like me can relate to. For example, he talked about the positives and negatives social networking sites, and tied it back to being close with your families. I was connected with him from start to finish. Nothing could break my concentration from his Khutbah: not the screaming babies in the background, not the ladies chatting, or fidgeting, absolutely nothing. By the time this was all over, I felt compelled to speak to this guy, to hear his point of view, his thoughts etc… But from this point on, I felt nothing but disappointed and let down.

I was the first one to approach the Imam and the last one to say something to him. Older men were coming in front of me as if I wasn’t there, as if what I had to say didn’t matter. I was being looked at by other men with confusion as they approached the imam, shook his hand and hugged him. “What does this little seventeen year old girl have to possibly to say?” But I decided to wait patiently. This Imam deserved to know that his message was speaking to people like me. Five minutes go by, ten minutes go by, ten men disregard me, thirteen men disregard me. I was embarrassed. As I turn my head with my eyes facing the ground, it is then the Imam finally said to one man “one second brother, this sister would like to say something.” With light tears in my eyes and a light, stuttered voice all I say is “I thought your voice was very beautiful and you did a wonderful job. Your message was mashallah wonderful.”

It is when incidents like this happen to me that I get angry because it becomes clear that justice is not being served. To this day I struggle with one question: Is lslam misogynistic or is it just the culture that is being influenced by the religion? Why was I looked at strangely by other men there? I don’t know. Why was I ignored? I don’t know. Why was it so difficult for me to congratulate a man in his mission? I don’t know. But the point is it shouldn’t be.

By Gia Chawla

Salaam. Shalom. Shanti (Peace).

Shared by Tahir Mahmood

This article is from Daily Dawn

Salaam. Shalom. Shanti.

Anwar Iqbal | 3rd November, 2012

He is gone, disappeared among the waves. And I am looking for him. Has he disappeared though? He may have gone to another beach, perhaps on the West Coast, away from Hurricane Sandy.

Moving from one place to another was never a problem for him. He lived out of his suitcase, rather a large bag that he carried with him. He ate little, morsels of bread with coffee in the morning and some bread, with coffee and cheese at night. And he carried these with him too.

I met him at Ocean City, Maryland, where I also watched him playing his guitar. He played well. So when the session ended, he collected about $30, put his guitar back in its case and said: “Enough for the dinner and tomorrow’s breakfast. Now I will go back to the waves, they are calling me.”

His name was Johnnie, Johnnie what, he never told me but he did tell me that he was a Vietnam veteran. I met him on the beach when one of my sons wandered away. He saw him far from us, brought him back and said: “You are from India, right? I know you people, you believe this country is crime free, so you let your children wander away. Let me tell you, it is not crime free. He can be kidnapped from anywhere.”

I told him I was from Pakistan, not India, thanked him and offered him a sandwich. He accepted the offer but put two sandwiches in his bag and said “This means less work and more time for the waves.”

He then said he only works to make enough for breakfast and dinner and never eats lunch. “And who pays your bills?” I asked. “No bills, I do not own or rent anything.”

He said he had a friend in Ocean City, and was living in his basement. But there are places where he does not have a friend and in such places, he has to work a little more to pay for sleeping somewhere. For him working a little more is playing his guitar a little more.

We became friends when I told him I was a war correspondent. “In Vietnam?” he asked. “No, in Afghanistan, during the Soviet occupation,” I said. “Do you sing?” he asked. “No,” I said. “Then what do you do? Those who have seen wars always do something other than what they do for a living, like singing, painting, writing poetry,” he explained.

I said I love poetry. Although I am not a poet, I do sometimes write a little poem. He asked me to read a poem about my war experience. I said I did not have one with me but I had one about terrorism in my cellphone and could read it out for him. He agreed.

“No, no, this is not how it happens, when crops of pain are reaped. Nobody beats drums, when village youths return home in body bags. Women do not dance, people mourn, they do not rejoice,” I read the poem.

“Their coffins are brought home, drenched in tears. No, no, this is not how it happens. You cannot sow seeds of hate and hope for flowers. When a storm lands, when a fire rages, homes burn, people cry. They do not rejoice, cities of pain do not thrive, flowers do not grow in fields of hate. No, no, this is not how it happens,” I finished.

He asked me if I wrote it in English. I said no, in my language, Urdu. He copied the English version in his diary and then asked me to recite some lines in Urdu. I did. He noted them too.

“You gave me a lot of work,” he said and disappeared.

He came the next evening and asked me to accompany him and tell him if I liked his composition of my poem.

He used only one Urdu line, istarah naheen hota, istarah naheen hota (No, this is not how it happens). It sounded funny but somehow people liked that particular line, although nobody knew what it meant.

That evening he earned $50 because he told them he had to share the money with the poet. When he finished, he asked me if I wanted my share and when I said no, he pocketed the money and disappeared.

The next morning, I returned to Washington and forgot all about him. But more than month after this performance, he phoned me and said he was in Washington and wanted to meet me.

He was here to attend a gathering of Vietnam veterans. He had come with his girlfriend, Alice. In the evening I took them to a Pakistani restaurant. They loved the food. We discussed Urdu poetry and they asked me if Urdu poets also wrote about the Vietnam War.

I said they did but I did not remember any. I promised to send them some Internet links. Instead, I sent them some Vietnam poems in an e-mail. He loved them and forwarded them to his friends, all Vietnam veterans like him.

We never met again. But he did call me whenever he visited a new place.

One day, Alice called and said: “Johnnie died.” I was shocked. I asked how and she said: “Very peacefully, he had a few drinks and a joint in the evening and passed away in his sleep.”

I asked where, she said: “San Francisco, near the Half Moon beach.”

It was brief conversation. She promised to call again, said goodbye and hung up. She never called.

But this morning, while watching a video about the destruction Hurricane Sandy caused in Ocean City, I thought about Johnnie and recalled what he used to say about the sea.

“It is alive, more alive than we are,” he would say. “It is a peaceful creature but gets upset when we take it for granted. And that’s when it shows its wrath.”

“And what makes it upset?” I asked.

“Our disrespect for the environment,” he said.

“No surprise, Johnnie,” I said. “You are a Vietnam veteran. You sing and compose poems. You fit the profile of a typical environmentalist.”

Then I said some environmentalists were alarmists too. They exaggerate the damage we are causing to the environment.

“You will see one day, we are not alarmists,” he replied. “But I would not like to be around when the sea shows its wrath.”

I asked where he would like to be and he said: “I would surrender myself to the sea, in a peaceful manner, like a child returning to a mother.”

He did as he said and now I am writing about him. I don’t know why. I don’t even know if people like reading about such people. I don’t know if people like us – loonies, living on the fringes of the society, without making any useful contribution – matter.

Perhaps we are loonies and that’s why I sometimes miss that guitar player with the crazy hair and sad, sad eyes.

Peace, Johnnie, peace. Salaam. Shalom. Shanti.

 


The author is a correspondent for Dawn, based in Washington, DC.